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PEOPLE

Language
Arabic is the official language. English and French are used by an educated elite, while Nobiin, Berber and Coptic are also spoken.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population

2009	83.0 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007	74.7 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006	73.8 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2005	72.8 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2004	71.6 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2003	70.3 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2002	69.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2001	67.8 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2000	66.5 million	U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
129.5 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
Most Egyptians are Semitic-Hamitic in origin, though there is a nomadic Bedouin minority in the east and Nubians in the Upper Nile region.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
Mostly Sunni Islam, with Orthodox Copts (under 10 percent) and other Christian minorities.
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population

2007	43.1 percent	U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006	42.9 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2005	42.8 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2004	42.7 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2003	42.6 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2002	42.5 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2001	42.5 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2000	42.5 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1956
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
94 (2007)
Source: UNESCO

Percentage of population under 15

2005	33.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	33.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	34.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	35.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	35.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	35.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

USEFUL INFORMATION

Time zone
GMT +2

Climate description
Apart from the Mediterranean, the climate is nearly entirely desert. The most unpleasant weather occurs between March and early June, when there are often dust storms. Intense summer heat but bearable by low humidity; winters dry and sunny.

Currency
Egyptian pound

Telephone dialling code
(+) 20

Driving (left/right)
Right

STANDARD OF LIVING

Average life expectancy

2005	70.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	70.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	69.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	68.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	68.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	67.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male

2005	68.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	68.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	67.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	66.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	66.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	65.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female

2005	73.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	72.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	72.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	70.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	70.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	68.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality

2007	30 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	29 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	28 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	26 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	33 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	35 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	35 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	37 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five

2007	36 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	35 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	33 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	36 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	39 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	41 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Births attended by skilled personnel

1997-2005	74 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004	69 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003	69 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	61 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	61 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	61 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Maternal mortality

2005	130 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000	84 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)

2005	112	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	111	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	119	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	120	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	120	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	115	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)

2000-2007	6 percent	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2000-2006	6 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005	6 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004	9 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
1995-2003	9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	11 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2000	12 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of undernourished population

2003-2005	<5 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008
2002-2004average	4 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average	3 percent	FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water

2006	98 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	98 percent	UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002	98 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	97 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation

2006	66 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	70 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002	68 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	98 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average

2004	71.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	55.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	56.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	55.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male

2004	83.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	67.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	67.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	66.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female

2004	59.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	43.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	44.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	43.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones

2008	147 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	142 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	140 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	135 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	125 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	118 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	106 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	94 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	78 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Cellular telephone subscribers

2008	506 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	376 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	229 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	177 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	101 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	78 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	62 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	39 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	19 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Internet users

2008	164 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	140 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	130 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	122 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	54 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	42 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	27 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	9 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	7 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)

2008	115 (joint)	Transparency International 2008
2007	105 (joint)	Transparency International 2007
2006	70 (joint)	Transparency International
2005	70 (joint)	Transparency International
2004	77 (joint)	Transparency International
2003	70 (joint)	Transparency International
2002	62 (joint)	Transparency International
2001	54 (joint)	Transparency International
2000	63 (joint)	Transparency International

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

ECONOMY & AID

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day

1990-2005	3.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	3.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	3.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1990-2002	3.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2001	3.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

GNI per capita, Atlas method

2007	1580 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	1360 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	1270 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	1270 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	1330 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	1410 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	1480 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	1460 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP

2007	130.5 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	107.5 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	89.7 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	78.8 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	82.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	87.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	97.6 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	99.8 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth

2006	6.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	4.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	4.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	3.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	3.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	3.5 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	5.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation

2007	12.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	7.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	6.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	11.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	6.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	3.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	1.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	4.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
3.7 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
29.5 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

HEALTH

Physicians

2000-2004	54 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	54 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	218 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002	218 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)

2007	No data available percent
2006	No data available percent
2005	No data available percent
2004	No data available percent
2003	No data available percent

Malaria
Limited risk from P.falciparum and P.vivax. Risk may exist from June through October in El Faiyum governorate, although no indigenous cases reported since 1998.
Source: WHO

TB cases

2007	21 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2006	22 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2005	22 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2004	23 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2003	24 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2002	26 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2001	26 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2000	27 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Number of refugees originating here

2008	6777	UNHCR
2007	6799	UNHCR
2006	7613	Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005	6291	UNHCR
2004	5376	UNHCR
2003	5735	UNHCR
2002	6443	UNHCR
2001	4678	UNHCR
2000	3953	UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here

2008	97861	UNHCR
2007	97556	UNHCR
2006	88022	UNHCR
2005	88946	UNHCR
2004	90343	UNHCR
2003	88749	UNHCR
2002	80494	UNHCR
2001	7230	UNHCR
2000	6840	UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate

	No data available

No data available

Landmine casualties per year

2007	25	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2006	22	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2004	10	Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003	7	Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
No
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military

2005	2.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	2.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	2.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	2.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Percentage of GDP spent on education
No data available percent

Percentage of GDP spent on health

2004	2.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004	2.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002	1.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	1.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	1.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003