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PEOPLE

Language
Estonian (official), Russian and others
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population

2009	1.3 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007	1.3 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006	1.3 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2005	1.3 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2004	1.3 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2003	1.4 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2002	1.4 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2001	1.4 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2000	1.4 million	U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
1.2 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
Estonians 64 percent and Russians 29 percent. There are also Ukranian, Belarusian and Finnish minorities.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
Lutheran (majority), Christian Orthodox and Baptist.
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population

2007	69.1 percent	U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006	69.1 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2005	69.1 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2004	69.1 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2003	69.1 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2002	69.2 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2001	69.3 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2000	69.4 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1918
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
94 (2007)
Source: UNESCO

Percentage of population under 15

2005	15.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	15.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	16.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	16.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	17.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	17.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

USEFUL INFORMATION

Time zone
Standard Time GMT+2, Summer Time GMT+3

Climate description
Maritime; wet, moderate winters and cool summers.

Currency
Estonian kroon

Telephone dialling code
(+) 372

Driving (left/right)
Right

STANDARD OF LIVING

Average life expectancy

2005	71.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	71.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	71.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	71.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	71.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	70.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male

2005	65.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	65.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	65.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	66.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	65.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	65.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female

2005	76.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	77.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	77.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	76.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	76.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	76.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality

2007	4 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	5 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	6 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	6 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	8 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	10 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	11 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	17 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five

2007	6 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	7 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	7 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	8 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	9 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	12 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	21 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Births attended by skilled personnel

1997-2005	100 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004	100 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2002	No data available percent

Maternal mortality

2005	25 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000	63 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)

2005	44	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	40	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	38	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	36	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	41	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	42	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)
No data available percent

Percentage of undernourished population

2003-2005	<5 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008
2002-2004average	<2.5 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average	3 percent	FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water

2006	100 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	100 percent	UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002	No data available percent
2000	No data available percent

Population with access to improved sanitation

2006	95 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	97 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002	No data available percent
2000	No data available percent

Literacy - average

2004	99.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	99.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	99.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	99.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	No data available percent

Literacy - male

2004	99.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	99.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	99.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	99.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	No data available percent

Literacy - female

2004	99.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	99.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	99.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	99.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	No data available percent

Landlines telephones

2008	371 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	369 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	336 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	328 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	329 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	341 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	350 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	372 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	382 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Cellular telephone subscribers

2008	1882 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	1476 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	1234 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	1073 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	931 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	776 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	649 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	478 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	407 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Internet users

2008	640 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	640 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	610 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	590 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	500 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	457 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	418 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	317 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	287 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)

2008	27	Transparency International 2008
2007	28 (joint)	Transparency International 2007
2006	24 (joint)	Transparency International
2005	27	Transparency International
2004	31 (joint)	Transparency International
2003	33 (joint)	Transparency International
2002	29 (joint)	Transparency International
2001	28	Transparency International
2000	27	Transparency International

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

ECONOMY & AID

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day

1990-2005	No data available percent
1990-2004	No data available percent
1990-2002	No data available percent
1990-2001	<2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

GNI per capita, Atlas method

2007	12830 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	11320 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	9700 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	7560 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	5790 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	4740 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	4390 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	4190 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP

2007	20.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	16.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	13.8 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	12.0 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	9.8 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	7.3 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	6.2 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	5.6 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth

2006	11.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	10.5 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	8.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	7.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	8.0 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	7.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	7.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation

2007	9.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	7.0 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	5.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	3.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	4.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	4.0 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	5.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	4.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
2.5 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
27.6 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

HEALTH

Physicians

2000-2004	448 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	448 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	313 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002	307 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)

2007	1.3 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2006	1.3 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2005	1.3 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2004	1.2 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2003	1.1 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008

Malaria
No risk
Source: WHO

TB cases

2007	38 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2006	40 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2005	43 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2004	46 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2003	50 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2002	55 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2001	62 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2000	66 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Number of refugees originating here

2008	248	UNHCR
2007	262	UNHCR
2006	626	Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005	743	UNHCR
2004	855	UNHCR
2003	1027	UNHCR
2002	1060	UNHCR
2001	479	UNHCR
2000	455	UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here

2008	22	UNHCR
2007	18	UNHCR
2006	5	UNHCR
2005	7	UNHCR
2004	11	UNHCR
2003	12	UNHCR
2002	10	UNHCR
2001	11	UNHCR
2000	4	UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate

	No data available

No data available

Landmine casualties per year

2004	0	Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003	21	Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (2004)
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military

2005	1.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	1.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	1.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005

Percentage of GDP spent on education

2002-2005	5.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2002-2004	5.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2000-2002	5.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1999-2001	7.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000	7.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage of GDP spent on health

2004	4.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004	4.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002	3.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	4.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	4.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003