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PEOPLE

Language
The official languages are Spanish, Aymara and Quechua.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population

2009	29.2 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007	27.8 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006	27.5 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2005	27.3 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2004	27.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2003	26.6 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2002	26.3 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2001	26.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2000	25.7 million	U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates

2050est	42.6 million	U.N. DESA (2004)
2050	39.8 million	U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
Nearly half of the population is of indigenous origin (mostly Quechua and Aymara). Along the coast, most people are mixed descendants of indigenous people and the Spanish. There are small groups of African descendants as well as Chinese and Japanese immigrant minorities.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
Catholicism is the official and predominant religion, though syncretism with indigenous religious beliefs also takes place.
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population

2007	73.0 percent	U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006	72.8 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2005	72.6 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2004	72.4 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2003	72.2 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2002	72.0 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2001	71.8 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2000	71.6 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1955
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
97 (2007)
Source: UNESCO

Percentage of population under 15

2005	31.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	32.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	33.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	33.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	34.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	33.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

USEFUL INFORMATION

Time zone
GMT -5

Climate description
The Pacific coastal area has a dry desert climate which has relatively cold temperatures for a tropical lattitude with little difference from month to month, fog and drizzle in the northern coastal areas. There is a noticeable reduction in temperature in the Andean mountain and plateaux areas throughout the year with a single rainy season between November and March. Tropical climate with high temperatures and humidity all year round in the eastern lowlands of the Amazon basin.

Currency
New Sol

Telephone dialling code
(+) 51

Driving (left/right)
Right

STANDARD OF LIVING

Average life expectancy

2005	70.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	70.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	70.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	69.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	69.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	68.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male

2005	68.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	67.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	67.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	67.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	66.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	66.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female

2005	73.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	72.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	72.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	72.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	72.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	71.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality

2007	17 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	21 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	23 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	24 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	26 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	30 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	30 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	40 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five

2007	20 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	25 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	27 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	29 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	34 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	39 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	50 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Births attended by skilled personnel

1997-2005	73 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004	59 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003	59 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	59 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	59 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	56 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Maternal mortality

2005	240 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000	410 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)

2005	87	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	82	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	79	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	85	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	82	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	82	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)

2000-2007	5 percent	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2000-2006	8 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005	8 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004	7 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
1995-2003	7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	13 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of undernourished population

2003-2005	15 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008
2002-2004average	12 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average	12 percent	FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water

2006	84 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	83 percent	UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002	81 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	80 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation

2006	72 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	63 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002	62 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	71 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average

2004	87.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	87.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	85.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	90.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	89.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male

2004	93.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	93.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	91.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	94.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	94.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female

2004	82.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	82.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	80.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	85.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	85.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones

2008	100 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	94 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	85 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	81 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	75 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	68 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	62 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	60 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	66 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Cellular telephone subscribers

2008	727 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	541 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	311 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	201 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	149 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	108 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	86 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	68 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	49 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Internet users

2008	253 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	274 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	229 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	165 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	117 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	105 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	90 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	76 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	31 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)

2008	72 (joint)	Transparency International 2008
2007	72 (joint)	Transparency International 2007
2006	70 (joint)	Transparency International
2005	65 (joint)	Transparency International
2004	67 (joint)	Transparency International
2003	59 (joint)	Transparency International
2002	45 (joint)	Transparency International
2001	44 (joint)	Transparency International
2000	41	Transparency International

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

ECONOMY & AID

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day

1990-2005	10.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	12.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	18.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1990-2002	18.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2001	15.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

GNI per capita, Atlas method

2007	3410 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	2980 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	2710 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	2430 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	2200 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	2060 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	2000 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	2080 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP

2007	107.3 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	92.3 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	79.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	69.7 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	61.3 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	56.8 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	53.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	53.3 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth

2006	7.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	6.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	5.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	3.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	5.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	0.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	3.0 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation

2007	2.0 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	7.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	3.0 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	6.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	2.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	0.5 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	1.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	3.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
1.3 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
40.9 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

HEALTH

Physicians

2000-2004	No data available per 100,000 people
1990-2004	117 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	103 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002	117 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)

2007	0.5 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2006	0.4 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2005	0.4 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2004	0.4 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2003	0.4 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008

Malaria
Risk from P.falciparum and P.vivax is high in 21 of the 33 sanitary regions.
Source: WHO

TB cases

2007	126 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2006	133 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2005	140 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2004	148 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2003	156 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2002	165 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2001	174 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2000	184 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Number of refugees originating here

2008	7339	UNHCR
2007	7743	UNHCR
2006	6985	Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005	4865	UNHCR
2004	4769	UNHCR
2003	5581	UNHCR
2002	6430	UNHCR
2001	6502	UNHCR
2000	6944	UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here

2008	1075	UNHCR
2007	995	UNHCR
2006	911	UNHCR
2005	848	UNHCR
2004	766	UNHCR
2003	718	UNHCR
2002	688	UNHCR
2001	683	UNHCR
2000	687	UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate

2007	150000	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2008
2005	150000	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2007

Landmine casualties per year

2007	48	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2006	13	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2004	5	Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003	21	Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997 )
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military

2005	1.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	1.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	1.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005

Percentage of GDP spent on education

2002-2005	2.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2002-2004	3.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2000-2002	3.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1999-2001	3.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000	3.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage of GDP spent on health

2004	1.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004	2.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002	2.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	2.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	2.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

PEOPLE

USEFUL INFORMATION

STANDARD OF LIVING

ECONOMY & AID

HEALTH

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Countries

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