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PEOPLE

Language
Arabic is the official language and is spoken by most of the population. There are over 400 languages in the country spoken by different ethnic groups.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population

2009	42.3 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007	37.8 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006	37.4 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2005	36.9 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2004	36.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2003	35.4 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2002	34.8 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2001	34.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2000	33.3 million	U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
75.9 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
There are over 600 ethnic groups, with Arabs and Nubians accounting for nearly half of the population. Other groups include Nilote, Nilo-Hamitic and Bantu-speaking people.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
Islam is the predominant religion among Arabs and Nubians, while traditional African religions are practised in the south. There are Christian communities in both the north and south.
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population

2007	42.6 percent	U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006	41.7 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2005	40.8 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2004	39.8 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2003	38.9 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2002	38.0 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2001	37.0 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2000	36.1 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1964
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
No data available (2005)

Percentage of population under 15

2005	40.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	39.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	39.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	39.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	39.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	40.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

USEFUL INFORMATION

Time zone
GMT +2

Climate description
The north has a desert climate where rainfall is rare, daytime temperatures are very high and cooler winter months have nightly temperatures low enough for the occasional frost. The rainy season almost everywhere is between April and October.

Currency
Sudanese dinar

Telephone dialling code
(+) 249

Driving (left/right)
Right

STANDARD OF LIVING

Average life expectancy

2005	57.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	56.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	56.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	55.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	55.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	56.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male

2005	56.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	55.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	54.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	54.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	54.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	54.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female

2005	58.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	58.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	57.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	57.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	56.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	57.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality

2007	69 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	61 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	62 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	63 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	63 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	64 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	65 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	66 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five

2007	109 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	89 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	90 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	91 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	93 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	94 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	107 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	108 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Births attended by skilled personnel

1997-2005	87 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004	No data available percent
1995-2003	86 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	No data available percent
1995-2001	No data available percent
1995-2000	No data available percent

Maternal mortality

2005	450 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000	590 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)

2005	147	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	141	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	141	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	139	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	138	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	139	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)

2000-2007	41 percent	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2000-2006	41 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005	41 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004	No data available percent
1995-2003	17 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	17 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	17 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	17 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of undernourished population

2003-2005	21 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008
2002-2004average	26 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average	27 percent	FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water

2006	70 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	70 percent	UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002	69 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	75 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation

2006	35 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	34 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002	34 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	62 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average

2004	60.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	59.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	59.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	58.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	57.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male

2004	No data available percent
2003	69.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	70.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	70.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	69.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female

2004	No data available percent
2003	49.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	49.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	47.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	46.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones

2008	9 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	9 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	13 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	15 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	27 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	25 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	19 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	13 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	11 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Cellular telephone subscribers

2008	271 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	203 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	118 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	47 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	28 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	14 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	5 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	3 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	0.7 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Internet users

2008	No data available per 1,000 people
2007	91 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	87 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	14 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	8 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	6 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	5 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	2 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	0.3 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)

2008	173 (joint)	Transparency International 2008
2007	172 (joint)	Transparency International 2007
2006	156 (joint)	Transparency International
2004	122 (joint)	Transparency International
2003	106 (joint)	Transparency International
2002	Not ranked
2001	Not ranked
2000	Not ranked

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Signed but not yet ratified (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

ECONOMY & AID

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day
No data available percent

GNI per capita, Atlas method

2007	950 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	780 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	620 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	510 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	430 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	370 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	350 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	330 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP

2007	46.2 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	36.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	27.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	21.7 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	17.8 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	15.0 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	13.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	12.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth

2006	11.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	8.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	5.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	7.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	5.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	6.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	8.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation

2007	7.0 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	6.5 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	12.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	14.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	9.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	8.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	2.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	8.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
No data available

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
No data available

HEALTH

Physicians

2000-2004	22 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	22 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	16 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002	16 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)

2007	1.4 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2006	1.4 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2005	1.4 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2004	1.4 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2003	1.4 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008

Malaria
Risk from P.falciparum throughout the year in the whole country although risk is low and seasonal in the north. It is higher along the nile, south of Lake Nassar and in the central and southern part of the country. Risk on the Red Sea coast is limited.
Source: WHO

TB cases

2007	243 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2006	239 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2005	234 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2004	229 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2003	225 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2002	221 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2001	216 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2000	212 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Number of refugees originating here

2008	397013	UNHCR
2007	523032	UNHCR
2006	686311	Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005	693267	UNHCR
2004	730612	UNHCR
2003	606242	UNHCR
2002	508877	UNHCR
2001	489950	UNHCR
2000	494363	UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here

2008	181605	UNHCR
2007	222722	UNHCR
2006	196200	UNHCR
2005	147256	UNHCR
2004	141588	UNHCR
2003	138163	UNHCR
2002	328176	UNHCR
2001	349209	UNHCR
2000	414928	UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate

2009	4800000	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2009
2008	6000000	IDMC 2008
2007	5800000	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2008
2006	5355000	IDMC 2006
2005	5355000	IDMC 2006

Landmine casualties per year

2007	91	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2006	140	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2004	62	Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003	127	Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997 )
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military

2005	No data available percent
2004	0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	2.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	2.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	No data available percent
2000	3.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of GDP spent on education
No data available percent

Percentage of GDP spent on health

2004	1.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004	1.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002	1.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	0.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	1.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

PEOPLE

USEFUL INFORMATION

STANDARD OF LIVING

ECONOMY & AID

HEALTH

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Countries

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