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PEOPLE

Language
Turkish is the official language. Ethnic minorities speak some 30 languages, including Kurmanji which is spoken by the Kurds.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population

2009	74.8 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007	74.8 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006	73.9 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2005	73.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2004	72.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2003	71.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2002	70.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2001	69.2 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2000	68.2 million	U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
97.4 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
Most descend from Central Asian ethnic groups that began to settle in Anatolia in the 11th century. There is a large (20 percent) Kurdish minority and smaller groups of Arabs, Jews, Greeks, Georgians and Armenians.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
Mainly Muslim (80 percent Sunni and 20 percent Shia, including the non-orthodox Alevi). There is a very small Christian minority.
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population

2007	68.2 percent	U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006	67.8 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2005	67.3 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2004	66.8 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2003	66.3 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2002	65.8 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2001	65.3 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2000	64.7 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1930 1934
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
91 (2007)
Source: UNESCO

Percentage of population under 15

2005	28.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	29.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	29.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	30.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	31.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	30.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

USEFUL INFORMATION

Time zone
GMT +2

Climate description
Low rainfall and very cold winters. Warm to hot summers in the interior. Milder winters with warm summers in coastal areas, with the Black Sea coast a little colder in winter than on the southern and western coast. Typical Mediterranean climate in Aegean and Mediterranean coastal areas.

Currency
Lira

Telephone dialling code
(+) 90

Driving (left/right)
Right

STANDARD OF LIVING

Average life expectancy

2005	71.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	68.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	68.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	70.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	70.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	69.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male

2005	69.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	66.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	66.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	67.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	67.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	67.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female

2005	73.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	71.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	71.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	73.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	72.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	72.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality

2007	21 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	24 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	26 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	28 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	33 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	36 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	36 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	38 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five

2007	23 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	26 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	29 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	32 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	39 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	42 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	43 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	45 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Births attended by skilled personnel

1997-2005	83 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004	83 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003	81 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	81 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	81 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	81 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Maternal mortality

2005	44 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000	70 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)

2005	84	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	92	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	94	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	88	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	96	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	85	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)

2000-2007	4 percent	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2000-2006	4 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005	4 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004	4 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
1995-2003	8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	No data available percent

Percentage of undernourished population

2003-2005	<5 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008
2002-2004average	3 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average	3 percent	FAO 2006
1998-2000average	No data available percent

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water

2006	97 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	96 percent	UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002	93 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	82 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation

2006	88 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	88 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002	83 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	90 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average

2004	87.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	88.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	86.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	85.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	85.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male

2004	95.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	95.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	94.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	93.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	93.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female

2004	79.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	81.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	78.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	77.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	76.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones

2008	237 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	249 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	261 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	267 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	272 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	273 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	276 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	280 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	277 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Cellular telephone subscribers

2008	891 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	849 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	731 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	613 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	494 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	402 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	341 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	290 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	243 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Internet users

2008	323 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	282 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	177 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	140 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	130 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	120 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	111 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	51 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	37 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)

2008	58 (joint)	Transparency International 2008
2007	64 (joint)	Transparency International 2007
2006	60	Transparency International
2005	65 (joint)	Transparency International
2004	77 (joint)	Transparency International
2003	77	Transparency International
2002	64 (joint)	Transparency International
2001	54 (joint)	Transparency International
2000	50	Transparency International

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

ECONOMY & AID

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day

1990-2005	3.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	3.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	<2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1990-2002	<2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2001	<2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

GNI per capita, Atlas method

2007	8030 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	7070 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	6150 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	4770 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	3560 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	3250 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	3250 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	2990 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP

2007	655.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	529.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	484.0 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	393.0 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	304.6 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	232.7 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	196.0 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	267.2 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth

2006	6.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	7.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	8.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	5.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	7.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	-7.5 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	7.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation

2007	7.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	9.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	7.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	12.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	23.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	37.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	52.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	49.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
2.0 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
34.1 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

HEALTH

Physicians

2000-2004	135 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	135 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	123 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002	127 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)
No data available percent

Malaria
Risk from P.vivax from May to October in the south-eastern part of the country and in Amikova and Cukurova Plain. There is no malaria risk in the main tourist areas in the west and south-west of the country.
Source: WHO

TB cases

2007	30 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2006	29 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2005	29 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2004	28 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2003	28 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2002	28 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2001	29 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2000	31 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Number of refugees originating here

2008	214376	UNHCR
2007	221939	UNHCR
2006	227232	Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005	170131	UNHCR
2004	174574	UNHCR
2003	185687	UNHCR
2002	193704	UNHCR
2001	47090	UNHCR
2000	47155	UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here

2008	11103	UNHCR
2007	6956	UNHCR
2006	2633	UNHCR
2005	2399	UNHCR
2004	3033	UNHCR
2003	2490	UNHCR
2002	3301	UNHCR
2001	3472	UNHCR
2000	3103	UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate

2009	954000 - 1200000	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2009
2007	950000 - 1200000	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2008
2006	953000 - 1200000	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2006
2005	355807 - more than 1000000	IDMC 2006

Landmine casualties per year

2007	101	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2006	73	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2004	At least 184	Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003	At least 67	Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (2003)
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military

2005	2.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	3.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	4.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	4.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	4.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	4.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of GDP spent on education

2002-2005	3.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2002-2004	3.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2000-2002	3.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1999-2001	3.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000	3.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage of GDP spent on health

2004	No data available percent
2003-2004	5.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002	4.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	No data available percent
2000	3.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003