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Ethiopia Ogaden crisis

Last reviewed: 19-10-2009

Ethiopia
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BASIC FACTS
Small country map
© 2004 Europa Technologies Ltd.

Capital
Addis Ababa

Language
Amharic is the official language. There are some 80 registered languages, including Tigrinya.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Area size
1000000 sq. km

Area comparison
Slightly smaller than Scandinavia

Population
2009 82.8 million U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007 80.8 million U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006 80.1 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2005 79.0 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2004 77.0 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2003 75.0 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2002 73.1 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2001 71.2 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2000 69.4 million U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
173.8 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)


PEOPLE

Language
Amharic is the official language. There are some 80 registered languages, including Tigrinya.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population
2009 82.8 million U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007 80.8 million U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006 80.1 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2005 79.0 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2004 77.0 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2003 75.0 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2002 73.1 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2001 71.2 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2000 69.4 million U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
173.8 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
Around one-third of the population are Oromo, a quarter are Amhara and a tenth are Tigrayan. There are 22 recognised minorities.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
The Amhara and Tigrayans are mostly Christians. Islam and traditional African religions are also practised.
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population
2007 16.5 percent U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006 16.2 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2005 16.0 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2004 15.7 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2003 15.5 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2002 15.3 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2001 15.1 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2000 14.9 percent U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1955
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
68 (2007)
Source: UNESCO

Percentage of population under 15
2005 44.5 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 44.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 45 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 45.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 45.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 45.2 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002


USEFUL INFORMATION

Time zone
GMT +3

Climate description
A climate moderated by high altitudes and a country isolated from its neighbors by a unique geography. In the north, a desert steppe extends along the Red Sea. The middle of the country consists of mountains and plateaus, where the majority of the population lives and cotton and coffee plantations flourish. The eastern lowlands have a hot desert climate; rain mainly falls between April and September and in the west, a wet season between July and August. Northeastern and southeastern lowlands have high temperatures with unreliable rainfall than can lead to severe droughts.

Currency
Birr

Telephone dialling code
(+) 251

Driving (left/right)
Right


STANDARD OF LIVING

Average life expectancy
2005 51.8 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 47.8 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 47.6 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 45.5 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 45.7 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 43.9 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male
2005 50.5 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 46.8 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 46.6 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 44.6 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 44.6 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 43.2 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female
2005 53.1 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 48.8 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 48.7 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 46.4 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 46.7 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 44.6 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality
2007 75 per 1,000 live births U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006 77 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005 109 per 1,000 live births U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004 110 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003 112 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 114 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 116 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 117 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five
2007 119 per 1,000 live births U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006 123 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005 164 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004 166 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003 169 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 171 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Births attended by skilled personnel
1997-2005 6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004 6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003 6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002 6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001 6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000 10 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Maternal mortality
2005 720 per 100,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000 850 per 100,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)
2005 169 UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 170 UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 170 UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 170 UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 169 UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 168 UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)
2000-2007 38 percent U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2000-2006 38 percent UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005 38 percent UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004 47 percent UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
1995-2003 47 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002 47 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2000 47 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of undernourished population
2003-2005 46 percent U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008
2002-2004average 46 percent U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average 46 percent FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water
2006 42 percent UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004 22 percent UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002 22 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000 24 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation
2006 11 percent UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004 13 percent UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002 6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000 12 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average
2004 No data available percent
2003 41.5 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 41.5 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 40.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 39.1 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male
2004 No data available percent
2003 49.2 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 49.2 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 48.1 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 47.2 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female
2004 No data available percent
2003 33.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 33.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 32.4 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 30.9 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones
2008 11 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2007 11 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2006 10 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2005 8 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2004 7 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2003 6 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2002 5 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2001 4 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2000 4 per 1,000 people ITU 2009

Cellular telephone subscribers
2008 39 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2007 15 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2006 11 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2005 6 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2004 2 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2003 0.7 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2002 0.7 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2001 0.4 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2000 0.3 per 1,000 people ITU 2009

Internet users
2008 4 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2007 4 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2006 3 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2005 2 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2004 2 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2003 1 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2002 0.7 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2001 0.4 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2000 0.1 per 1,000 people ITU 2009

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)
2008 126 (joint) Transparency International 2008
2007 138 (joint) Transparency International 2007
2006 130 (joint) Transparency International
2005 137 (joint) Transparency International
2004 114 (joint) Transparency International
2003 92 (joint) Transparency International
2002 59 (joint) Transparency International
2001 Not ranked
2000 60 (joint) Transparency International

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report


ECONOMY & AID

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day
1990-2005 23.0 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004 23.0 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003 26.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1990-2002 26.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2001 81.9 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

GNI per capita, Atlas method
2007 220 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006 190 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005 160 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004 140 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003 110 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002 120 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001 130 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000 120 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP
2007 19.4 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006 15.2 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005 12.3 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004 10.1 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003 8.6 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002 7.8 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001 8.2 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000 8.2 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth
2006 9.0  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005 10.2  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004 13.1  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003 -3.5  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002 1.2  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001 7.7  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000 5.9  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation
2007 16.8 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006 11.6 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005 9.9 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004 3.9 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003 12.8 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002 -3.6 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001 -5.8 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000 6.9 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
3.9 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
25.5 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008


HEALTH

Physicians
2000-2004 3 per 100,000 people UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004 3 per 100,000 people UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003 3 per 100,000 people UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002 No data available per 100,000 people

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)
2007 2.1 percent U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2006 2.1 percent U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2005 2.1 percent U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2004 2.2 percent U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2003 2.2 percent U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008

Malaria
Risk from P.falciparum throughout the year in the whole country below 2000m. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine reported. No risk in Addis Ababa.
Source: WHO

TB cases
2007 378 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2006 388 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2005 398 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2004 403 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2003 399 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2002 383 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2001 358 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2000 331 per 100,000 people WHO 2009


CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Number of refugees originating here
2008 63862 UNHCR
2007 59832 UNHCR
2006 74026 Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005 65293 UNHCR
2004 63105 UNHCR
2003 62677 UNHCR
2002 61240 UNHCR
2001 58997 UNHCR
2000 66410 UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here
2008 83583 UNHCR
2007 85183 UNHCR
2006 96980 UNHCR
2005 100817 UNHCR
2004 115980 UNHCR
2003 130274 UNHCR
2002 132940 UNHCR
2001 152554 UNHCR
2000 197959 UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate
2007 200000 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2008
2006 100000 - 280000 IDMC 2006
2005 150000 - 265000 IDMC 2006

Landmine casualties per year
2007 84 Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2006 34 Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2004 At least 27 Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003 297 Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997)
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military
2005 2.6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 No data available percent
2003 4.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005

Percentage of GDP spent on education
2002-2005 No data available percent
2002-2004 4.6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2000-2002 4.6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1999-2001 4.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000 4.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage of GDP spent on health
2004 2.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004 3.4 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002 2.6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001 1.4 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000 1.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003


Print full profile


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A woman weeds her corn plantation in Akia village outside Lira town in the northern region of Uganda, November 11, 2009. For centuries, farmers like Berhanu Gudina have eked out a ...



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